Overview
It resembles its large relative, the bigmouth buffalo, closely in most respects, but can be distinguished by a number of factors. It is generally lighter in color than other buffalos, having an olive bronze cast. Also the body is somewhat more compressed with a higher arch in the back, and the small, subterminal mouth is almost horizontal instead of slanted, though it protracts downward in typical sucker fashion when the fish is feeding.
Taxonomy
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Class
- Actinopterygii
- Order
- Clupeiformes
- Family
- Catostomidae
- Genus
- Ictiobus
- Species
- bubalus
Habitat
This species is commonly found in large tributaries and is being introduced in other water systems across the United States.
Diet
This species is primarily bottom feeding which is why insect larvae, algae, detritus, and sand often make up significant portions of the fishes' gut contents.
Behavior
Although the Life History of smallmouth buffalo is not well understood, spawning seems to occur in the spring when water temperatures reach 60-65°F. Eggs are broadcast over weeds and mud bottom, hatching in one to two weeks.
Fishing
Although some anglers consider smallmouth buffalo to be a rough fish, in many areas the species is highly prized. Buffalo will sometimes take doughballs made with cottonseed meal, and when hooked provide exceptional sport. It is reputed to be an even better food fish than the Bigmouth Buffalo. It is the number one species sold by commercial freshwater fishermen.
Conservation Status
Listed as Least Concern by IUCN.