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Ringed seal

Pusa hispida

MammalThe IUCN classifies the…

Overview

There are eight subspecies, of which two of them we have pages for.

Taxonomy

Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Mammal
Order
Carnivora
Family
Phocidae
Genus
Pusa

Habitat

Ringed seals primarily inhabit Arctic and sub-Arctic regions, including coastal areas, pack ice, and fast ice zones from Alaska to Russia and Scandinavia. They prefer environments with stable ice cover for breeding and resting, often in shallow waters near shorelines. Their distribution is closely tied to sea ice availability, which varies seasonally.

Diet

Ringed seals mainly eat fish such as Arctic cod and capelin, along with crustaceans like shrimp and amphipods. They are opportunistic hunters, using their sensitive whiskers to detect prey in murky waters, and typically feed in shallow areas under the ice. Feeding activity peaks during the summer months when ice breaks up, allowing access to more food sources.

Behavior

Ringed seals are mostly solitary but can gather in loose groups on ice floes; they are crepuscular, most active at dawn and dusk. They exhibit territorial behavior around breathing holes they maintain in the ice and are excellent swimmers, capable of diving to depths of 100-200 meters. Mothers are highly protective, nursing pups in snow lairs to shield them from predators.

Conservation Status

The IUCN classifies the ringed seal as Least Concern globally, though some subspecies are vulnerable or endangered. Major threats include climate change-induced loss of sea ice, hunting, and pollution, with populations declining in certain areas.

Subspecies (6)