Taxonomy
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Class
- Mammal
- Order
- Artiodactyla
- Family
- Delphinidae
- Genus
- Ocaella
Habitat
Irrawaddy dolphins primarily inhabit coastal waters, estuaries, and large rivers in Southeast Asia, such as the Irrawaddy, Mekong, and Mahakam rivers. They prefer shallow, murky waters with depths up to 20 meters and strong tidal influences. This species is often found in areas with abundant fish populations and minimal open ocean exposure.
Diet
Irrawaddy dolphins mainly eat fish, crustaceans, and squid, using echolocation to hunt in low-visibility waters. They often feed in groups during high tide, targeting schools of fish near the surface or riverbeds. Feeding activity peaks in the early morning and late afternoon.
Behavior
Irrawaddy dolphins are social animals, typically forming pods of 2 to 6 individuals, though larger groups can assemble in feeding areas. They are diurnal and active, often engaging in playful behaviors like breaching, spyhopping, and interacting with boats. These dolphins are not strongly territorial and may migrate seasonally in river systems to follow food sources.
Conservation Status
The IUCN classifies the Irrawaddy dolphin as Endangered, with populations declining due to habitat degradation, bycatch in fishing gear, and pollution. Major threats include dam construction and boat strikes in their riverine and coastal habitats.