Taxonomy
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Class
- Actinopterygii
- Order
- Perciformes
- Family
- Pangasiidae
- Genus
- Pangasianodon
- Species
- hypophthalmus
Habitat
This species inhabits large rivers and their tributaries in Southeast Asia, such as the Mekong and Chao Phraya basins, preferring deep, fast-flowing waters and flooded forests during the rainy season. They thrive in tropical freshwater environments with temperatures between 24-30°C and can tolerate a range of water conditions.
Diet
Juveniles primarily eat zooplankton and insects, while adults consume a mix of smaller fish, crustaceans, plant matter, and detritus. They are opportunistic bottom feeders, foraging along riverbeds, with feeding activity most active at dawn and dusk.
Behavior
Iridescent sharks are schooling fish that undertake seasonal migrations upstream for spawning during the rainy season. They are primarily nocturnal, resting in deeper waters during the day and foraging at night, and can exhibit territorial behavior in crowded conditions like aquariums.
Fishing
As a valued food and sport fish in Southeast Asia, the iridescent shark supports conservation through regulated angling in rivers like the Mekong and Chao Phraya basins, where license fees fund habitat protection and restoration efforts. Use bottom fishing techniques with strong, sensitive rods and reels capable of handling up to 30-pound test line to manage their powerful fights in fast currents; pair this with circle hooks to promote safe catch-and-release. Effective baits include live small fish, crustaceans, or worms, while lures that mimic these prey can also entice strikes. The prime season runs from May to September during the rainy season when they migrate for spawning, with dawn and dusk offering the best bite windows due to their nocturnal feeding habits. Target deep, fast-flowing river channels and flooded forests in tropical freshwater environments around 24-30°C for the highest success. Record sizes reach up to 19 pounds 11 ounces and 2 meters, as noted in regional angling records. With its Endangered status by the IUCN, anglers play a key role in conservation by following slot limits and catch-and-release guidelines, which are effective management tools ensuring sustainable populations and protecting these vital waterways through angler-funded programs.
Conservation Status
Listed as Endangered by IUCN.